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Glossary
Note: Within a definition, words in italics are defined elsewhere in the glossary. Words beginning with * were coined or brought into the language of voice disorders by Dr. Bastian, or to our knowledge are used primarily by BVI physicians and Bastian-trained fellows. Please note that we may be adding terms to this list from time to time. Copyright © 2008 Bastian Voice Institute.
Nodules:
See vocal nodules.
Nonorganic:
This is a term used to describe an apparently physical disorder
that in fact is not arising from the organ or body part but
from an abnormality of the use or presentation of that body
part. Examples: nonorganic voice disorder,
in which the larynx is structurally and neuromuscularly normal,
but the sound is absent or very abnormal; nonorganic
“asthma”, in which breathing noises made
in the large airway or larynx mimic small airway wheezing;
and nonorganic dysphagia,
in which swallowing function is normal but factitious events
occur during the voluntary phases of swallowing.
Nonorganic asthma: A disorder
that mimics asthma, but is not asthma. The patient may appear
to be short of breath; may wheeze audibly; in severe instances
may have been intubated and
placed in intensive care. Attacks may be associated with secondary
gain. Nonorganic asthma may perplex treating physicians
because it does not respond as expected to medical treatments.
Nonorganic cough:
A persistent cough found not to be infectious, asthmatic,
irritative, neurogenic, or the result of drug side effect.
Instead, this represents a behavioral disturbance that may
be associated with secondary gain.
Often this sort of cough is stereotypical and predictable
in its manifestations; it is most often seen in young women.
Nonorganic overlay: Refers
to a situation in which a person may indeed have an organic
disorder, such as laryngitis or asthma, but the symptoms and
limitations of the physical condition are in a sense magnified
behaviorally so that the disorder seems much more severe than
it really is physically. In this scenario, there may be findings
sufficient to explain mild hoarseness, but the patient is
severely hoarse because of nonorganic overlay. Or, the patient
may have mild asthma, but his or her case seems severe because
of nonorganic overlay that amplifies the appearance of trouble
breathing.
Nonorganic voice disorder:
A persistent voice change found not to be infectious, irritative,
neurogenic, or the result of drug side effect. Instead, this
represents a behavioral disturbance that may be associated
with secondary gain. Often
the vocal phenomenology of this sort of voice change is stereotypical
and predictable in its manifestations; it is most often seen
in young women.
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