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Glossary
Note: Within a definition, words in italics are defined elsewhere in the glossary. Words beginning with * were coined or brought into the language of voice disorders by Dr. Bastian, or to our knowledge are used primarily by BVI physicians and Bastian-trained fellows. Please note that we may be adding terms to this list from time to time. Copyright © 2008 Bastian Voice Institute.
Hemorrhagic polyp: One
of several subtypes of vocal polyps. This lesion has the appearance
of a “blood blister” on the vocal fold. It may
be associated with acute vocal trauma that causes abrupt and
fairly severe hoarseness that is somewhat persistent. Small
hemorrhagic polyps may resolve non-surgically but usually
require many months to do so; larger ones should be considered
surgical lesions. Fortunately, as a class, the prognosis for
full recovery after surgery is excellent.
Hertz: The term (symbol
Hz) used by physicists and many voice clinicians as a unit
of frequency. One hertz means “one cycle per second.”
Thus, 440 Hz in a musical tone is called “concert A”
also known as A4 or “A above middle C.” This means
that the vocal folds are vibrating at 440 cycles per second
in order for the human ear to hear “A4.”
Histology:
The study of the microscopic structure of tissue. In clinical
medicine, this kind of study is typically done by a pathologist
on a biopsy specimen.
History: When used in
the medical realm, this refers to the “story line of
the problem” for which a patient is seeing a physician
or other healthcare provider. Information sought includes
such things as time of onset, symptoms, prior treatments and
results, and so forth. The history may be provided by patient
and/or family members. During a voice-focused history, the
information most relevant to the diagnostic process is carefully
sought and organized.
HPV:
See Human Papilloma Virus.
Human Papilloma Virus
(HPV): HPV is a DNA virus that may cause the
clinical condition recurrent respiratory
papillomatosis (RRP) in susceptible individuals.
HPV may occur in as many as 50 or more subtypes. Types 6 and
11 are commonly found in the larynx. Type 16 appears to have
an increased incidence of cancer
formation.
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